ETF tax loophole costs US Treasury $48B yearly, benefits top 1%
A tax loophole used by US exchange-traded funds costs the Treasury about $48 billion annually, with nearly all benefits going to the top 1% of earners. The loophole, stemming from a 1969 law, allows ETFs to avoid capital gains tax through in-kind transactions and 'heartbeat' trades, which have surged alongside the ETF industry.